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  1. In March 2020, the European Commission unveiled the Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), marking a significant milestone in Europe’s journey towards a sustainable and circular economy. Complemented by the proposed Ecodesign and Sustainable Product Regulation (ESPR) in March 2022, these initiatives underscore the EU’s commitment to addressing environmental challenges while promoting economic growth.

    Main Body:

    1. Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP)
      • Aims to foster a sustainable and circular economy in Europe.
      • Integrates decarbonization efforts with circular economy principles and digitalization.
      • Focuses on innovative circular business models to drive economic growth.
      • Seeks to reduce dependence on raw material imports and enhance industry competitiveness.
    2. Ecodesign and Sustainable Product Regulation (ESPR)
      • Enhances environmental performance of products throughout their life cycle.
      • Focuses on reducing carbon footprint, resource use, and promoting product durability and recyclability.
      • Advocates for circular economy practices in addressing critical raw materials (CRMs).
      • Emphasizes extended producer responsibility and product longevity.
    3. Digital Product Passport (DPP)
      • Facilitates traceability of product information throughout its life cycle.
      • Includes details relevant to CRM supply chains, promoting transparency and accountability.
      • Sets the stage for potential mandatory requirements and product recyclability standards.

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